WASPP Logo WASPP

European hornet: identify the nest and react well

An impressive but useful native species. Learn to tell it apart from the Asian hornet before acting.

Report a hornet nest Identify a European hornet

The European hornet (Vespa crabro) is our largest native wasp. Despite its impressive size, it is less aggressive than people think and plays a useful role in the ecosystem, regulating many insects (flies, caterpillars, wasps).

Unlike the Asian hornet, it is not a major threat to beehives. A nest away from busy areas can often be left alone: the colony dies naturally in autumn. If the nest poses a real danger (close to a home, allergic persons), report it so a professional can assess the situation.

Reports on WASPP in 2026

2

reported nests

2

treated nests

Identify a European hornet

  • •Size : 25 to 35 mm, noticeably larger than the Asian hornet
  • •Colour : reddish-brown and black head and thorax, yellow abdomen striped with black (wasp-like colours, but bigger)
  • •Nest : in a cavity: hollow tree, attic, nest box, chimney — entrance facing downwards
  • •Activity : active day and night, attracted to light in the evening

Is the European hornet dangerous?

Its sting is painful but no more venomous than a wasp's, and it only attacks when its nest is threatened. At a respectful distance (4-5 metres) the risk is low. People allergic to hymenoptera venom should however remain cautious and seek medical advice quickly if stung.

✓ Do

  • Keep your distance (at least 5 m)
  • Photograph from a distance if possible
  • Report immediately on WASPP
  • Call a certified professional

✗ Don't

  • Try to destroy the nest yourself
  • Spray with water, petrol or pesticide
  • Use a ladder or aerial platform without PPE
  • Approach closer than 5 m

Good to know

The European hornet is a useful species, declining in some regions (it is even protected in Germany). Destroying a nest should only be considered if it poses a real danger. When in doubt, report it: a professional will advise you on the best option.

Frequently asked questions

The European hornet is larger (25-35 mm), with a mostly yellow abdomen striped with black and reddish tones on the head and thorax. The Asian hornet is smaller and darker, with yellow leg tips. At night, only the European hornet flies and comes to light.
Not systematically. If the nest is away from busy areas, the colony can be left alone: it dies in autumn and the nest is not reused. Destruction is justified when the nest is close to a home, a school or at-risk people.
In Germany, yes. In Belgium and France it is not legally protected, but it is a useful native species whose unjustified destruction is discouraged by naturalists.
Unlike the Asian hornet, the European hornet also flies at night and is attracted to lights. Switch off the lamp, open the window and it will leave. This behaviour does not necessarily indicate a nest in the immediate vicinity.

Identify other species

Not sure about the species? Check our other identification guides.

Ready to report?

Report a nest now